• 3D kinematics of the equine metacarpophalangeal joint at walk and trot
The metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint and its supporting soft tissues are common sites of injury in athletic horses. Equine gait analysis has focused on 2D analysis in the sagittal plane and little information is available which describes 3D motions of the MCP joint and their possible role in the development of injuries. The aim was to characterize the 3D rotations of the equine MCP joint during walking and trotting.
• A two-dimensional analysis of limb symmetry in the trot of Labrador retrievers
Sixteen sound Labrador retriever and Labrador retriever cross-breed adult dogs were evaluated for symmetry while in a trot gait using a two-dimensional motion analysis system. Reflective markers were placed at selected joint centers.
• Bristol University School of Veterinary Science - UK
Gait analysis and investigation.
• Comparative Orthopedic Research Laboratory (CORL)
The CORL supports and operates a kinetic gait lab to assess ground reaction forces produced by dogs and humans utilizing an AMTI OR6-6 strain gage-based force plate. The integration of our forceplate with the current version of Aquire allows for the measurement of the three orthogonal ground reaction forces: mediolateral (Fx), craniocaudal (Fy), and vertical (Fz). We also anticipate the addition of Video-based Kinematic Gait Analysis in the near future.
• Gait analysis as an objective measure in a chronic pain model
The aim of this study was to investigate objective characterisation of gait as a marker of the chronic pain of adjuvant arthritis (AA). Video recorded images of spontaneous rat ambulations were analysed to quantifyvarious temporal and spatial parameters and compare these between the AA and control groups.
• Gait analysis - College Of Veterinary Medicine at Michigan
The unique state of the art facilities of the MECP give us the opportunity to conduct gait analysis to evaluate the gaits of your horse. By using the force plate, specialized computer software, and digital cameras, we can detect joint angles, stride lengths and weight distribution as objective, qualitative measurements. These measurements can assist in diagnosis of lameness, especially when the lameness is very subtle.
• Kinematic gait analysis in dogs with hip dysplasia
Kinematic and force plate data were collected at the trot from clinically normal dogs and from dogs with hip dysplasia. The information obtained may be useful in future evaluations of various modes of treatment for hip dysplasia.
• Kinematic Gait Analysis
Kinematic Gait Analysis of the Hind Limb after Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy and Cranial Tibial Wedge Osteotomy in Ten Dogs

This study identifies and compares the kinematic gait changes occurring in tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) and cranial tibial wedge osteotomy (CTWO) limbs after transection of the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL). Ten, healthy, adult beagle dogs were assigned to TPLO (five dogs) and CTWO (five dogs) groups.


• Kinetic and kinematic gait analysis in dogs
Kinetic and kinematic gait analysis provides objective, quantifiable, and repeatable information on normal and abnormal gait in dogs. Specialized gait analysis techniques may eventually enable veterinarians to accurately diagnose subtle lameness, better evaluate dogs with resolving lameness, and accurately select the appropriate time to return an athletic dog to exercise after recovery from an injury.
• Mechanics of Slope Walking in the Cat
Mechanics of Slope Walking in the Cat: Quantification of Muscle Load, Length Change, and Ankle Extensor EMG Patterns

Unexpected changes in flexor– extensor muscle activation synergies during slope walking in the cat have been explained previously by 1) a reorganization of circuitry in the central pattern generator or 2) altered muscle and cutaneous afferent inputs to motoneurons that modulate their activity. The aim of this study was to quantify muscle length changes, muscle loads, and ground reaction forces during downslope, level, and upslope walking in the cat.


• Motion Analysis in Auburn University, Alabama - USA
The Auburn University Veterinary Sports Medicine Program (AUVSMP) has both a 2-D and 3-D Six Camera PEAK MOTUS 8.1 Motion Analysis System and a AMTI Force Plate System. We also have the Dartfish and KA Motion Analysis software systems. In addition, we have various cameras (e.g. high speed, miniture cameras) to facilitate capture of certian movements.
• Quantification of Motor Cortex Activity and Full-Body Biomechanics
Quantification of Motor Cortex Activity and Full-Body Biomechanics During Unconstrained Locomotion
Recent progress in the understanding of motor cortex function has been achieved primarily by simultaneously recording motor cortex neuron activity and the movement kinematics of the corresponding limb. We have expanded this approach by combining high-quality cortical single-unit activity recordings with synchronized recordings of full-body kinematics and kinetics in the freely behaving cat.
• Recent developments in canine locomotor analysis: A review
The use of kinematic and kinetic analysis has been validated as a useful tool in veterinary medicine. This paper is an overview of the kinematic and kinetic analytical techniques of the last decade.
• Royal Veterinary College (RVC)/University of London - UK
Locomotion Group Structure and Motion Laboratory Mission: 'To undertake fundamental and applied research into musculo-skeletal function.'
The Structure and Motion Laboratory conducts research into the structure, function and biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system. This is done from the level of the single muscle fibre all the way up to a whole subject level, including the effects of health and disease on musculo-skeletal function.
• Running in ostriches (Struthio camelus)
Running in ostriches (Struthio camelus): three-dimensional joint axes alignment and joint kinematics

Although locomotor kinematics in walking and running birds have been examined in studies exploring many biological aspects of bipedalism, these studies have been largely limited to two-dimensional analyses. Incorporating a five-segment, 17 degree-of-freedom (d.f.) kinematic model of the ostrich hind limb developed from anatomical specimens, we quantified the three-dimensional (3-D) joint axis alignment and joint kinematics during running (at ~3.3·m·s–1) in the largest avian biped, the ostrich. Our analysis revealed that the majority of the segment motion during running in the ostrich occurs in flexion/extension.


• The effects of self-reinnervation of cat medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles
The effects of self-reinnervation of cat medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles on hindlimb kinematics in slope walking

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of self-reinnervation of the medial (MG) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscles on joint kinematics of the whole hindlimb during overground walking on surfaces of varying slope in the cat.


• The use of motion analysis to measure pain-related behaviour
The use of motion analysis to measure pain-related behaviour in a rat model of degenerative tendon injuries

Chronic tendinopathy is characterized with longstanding activity-related pain with degenerative tendon injuries. An objective tool to measure painful responses in animal models is essential for the development of effective treatment for tendinopathy. Gait analysis has been developed to monitor the inflammatory pain in small animals. We reported the use of motion analysis to monitor gait changes in a rat model of degenerative tendon injury.


• Three-dimensional cinematic analysis of the horse movement in treadmill
Análise cinemática tridimensional do movimento de eqüinos em esteira rolante

Adaptou-se uma metodologia utilizada no estudo do movimento humano para analisar o movimento de eqüinos em esteira rolante de alto desempenho, construindo-se um sistema de calibração utilizando-se um teodolito eletrônico de alta precisão e calibradores que demarcavam o espaço ocupado pelo animal. Dessa forma, foram obtidas as coordenadas espaciais dos marcadores presentes nos calibradores, compondo o arquivo de calibração.
A methodology used for the study of human movement was adapted to analyze the movement of equines in a high performance treadmill. An electronic high precision theodolite was used to construct a calibration system to demarcate the volume occupied by the animal. It was taken the three dimensions coordinates of each marker present in the calibrator, composing the calibration archive.


• Use of pressure platform gait analysis in cats
Use of pressure platform gait analysis in cats with and without bilateral onychectomy
To determine peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI) in cats that had or had not undergone bilateral forelimb onychectomy